The anti-Semitic conspiracy literature also ascribes to Jews a demonic power to influence people. The Protocols, together with a wide range of attendant documents, provides an intellectual and sometimes even religious basis for anti-Semitic beliefs. 1 It started to gain wide currency in the 1960s and eventually was translated into other Muslim languages such as Persian, Bahasa Indonesian, Hindi-Urdu, and so on. This document first appeared in Arabic translation in 1951.
Most of these conspiracy theories are based, or are intellectually dependent in one way or another, on The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Radical figures, however, view these establishment religious leaders as essentially creatures of the West and subservient to the Arab and Muslim political elites, and seek to overthrow all of them together and radically reform the Muslim world.Īnti-Semitism can be defined as characterizing Jews as an existentially evil force pursuing some sort of historically rooted, global conspiracy to dominate, manipulate, and change the world. These establishment figures, such as Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi, direct their violent and apocalyptic statements at these targets while discouraging revolution within the Muslim world. Jihadi literature is either mainstream, associated with dominant religious groups or trends within Islam, or radical, associated with counterestablishment or radical reform groups in Islam.īoth the mainstream and radical trends can be quite violent often the establishment figures are co-opted by political elites who seek to use jihad or anti-Semitism to focus hatred on an acceptable target (usually either Israel or the United States). Although many of these are either academic or rabble-rousing in nature, those within the genres of jihadi or apocalyptic literature convey an imperative to act. In doing so Muslims emphasize their belief that the Antichrist, or dajjal, is Jewish.Īnti-Semitic themes are ubiquitous in contemporary Muslim literature.
Anti-Semitism is a powerful force for radicalizing Muslims, and is even used in attempting to convince Christians to join in a grand alliance against the Jews.
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